What is bacterial vaginosis?
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of unusual vaginal discharge. One in three people with a vagina get it at some time. People with a penis don’t get bacterial vaginosis. It’s not a sexually transmitted infection but can develop after you’ve had sex. The cause of bacterial vaginosis (sometimes called BV) isn’t really understood. People who have bacterial vaginosis have fewer normal vaginal bacteria (lactobacilli), and more of other types of bacteria in the vagina.
What are the symptoms (signs) of bacterial vaginosis?
Around half of people with bacterial vaginosis won’t have any signs and symptoms at all, or may not be aware of them.
You might notice a change in your usual vaginal discharge. This may increase, become thin and watery, change to a white/grey colour and develop a strong, unpleasant, fishy smell, especially after sex.
Bacterial vaginosis isn’t usually associated with soreness, itching or irritation.
Treatment for bacterial vaginosis
Treatment for bacterial vaginosis is simple and may involve taking either antibiotic tablets or using a vaginal cream or gel instead.
What should I do if I think I have bacterial vaginosis?
If you think you may have it, talk to a doctor or nurse who might recommend a test if you have signs and symptoms. You may be offered a test during pregnancy if you have symptoms.
Bacterial vaginosis isn’t a sexually transmitted infection but it’s important you don’t delay getting advice if you may have been at risk of a sexually transmitted infection.
You can book an appointment at one of our clinics and get tested. A doctor or nurse may examine inside of your vagina to look at any vaginal discharge and to collect a sample from the vaginal walls using a swab. A swab looks like a cotton bud, but is smaller and rounded. It only takes a few seconds to wipe over the area and isn’t usually painful, though it may be uncomfortable for a moment. Sometimes your test result will be available straight away, but other times it can take up to two weeks. You can also get tested by your GP.
It is possible to buy a bacterial vaginosis test to do at home. If you buy a testing kit, get advice from a pharmacist or your doctor about how to use it properly.
How can I avoid getting bacterial vaginosis?
Bacterial vaginosis is more common if you:
- use medicated or perfumed soaps, bubble bath or shower gel
- put antiseptic liquids in the bath
- douche or use vaginal deodorant
- use strong detergents to wash your underwear
Hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, receiving oral sex, semen in the vagina after sex without a condom, an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) and genetic factors may also play a part.
Bacterial vaginosis isn’t a sexually transmitted infection, but people with a vagina who are sexually active and have had a change of partner are more likely to have it, including those in same-sex relationships
Frequently asked questions about
Bacterial Vaginosis
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Have I got bacterial vaginosis?
If you think you have any of the signs or symptoms of BV you should make an appointment for a check-up. Some other types of sexually transmitted infection have similar symptoms so it’s best to come and see us.
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Will bacterial vaginosis go away on its own?
Yes, this often happens but if your symptoms persist for more than a few days then you may benefit from treatment.
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Is bacterial vaginosis an STI?
No.
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I’m pregnant, can bacterial vaginosis affect my baby?
Bacterial vaginosis may cause problems with a pregnancy. It’s been found in some people who have had a miscarriage, a premature birth or a low birth weight baby. Bacterial vaginosis can safely be treated when you’re pregnant and when you’re breastfeeding – this won’t harm the baby. Do tell the doctor or nurse if you’re pregnant or breastfeeding as it may affect the treatment you’re given.
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Can you give bacterial vaginosis to a man?
No.
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What can I do to get rid of vagina odour?
Wear cotton underwear and loose fitting clothing. Using condoms during sex can also help reduce the likelihood. Avoid using vaginal deodorants or douches.
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What does bacterial vaginosis smell like?
Bacterial vaginosis may present a strong fishy odour.
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I’ve got a smelly vagina. Do I have BV?
It’s usual for a vagina to have a smell. Usually this is a distinctive, musky smell that may change during your period or just after sex. If you notice a sudden change in smell, a strong fishy odour, any unusual discharge or irritation then come and see us. It might be BV or it might be a sign that something else is wrong. We can help to put your mind at ease.
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How can I stop my vagina from smelling?
It’s natural for your vagina to have a smell. Excessive washing with harsh soap, scrubbing or lots of hot baths and showers may upset the natural balance of your vagina. Try washing with mild or un-perfumed soap. Change your underwear to natural cotton because it helps to remove moisture and is a breathable fabric. Don’t use vaginal deodorants or perfume on or in your vagina.